What is a solera aging system in tequila?
A solera is a fractional blending system borrowed from sherry: casks are never fully emptied, and what is drawn off is topped up with younger spirit, so every bottling contains a diminishing proportion of the oldest liquid. Don Julio uses one here to preserve a specific agave harvest rather than to hit an age. It means the tequila is a blend of different ages by design, and that the original parcel is stretched rather than spent.
Why is it called Don Julio Última Reserva?
Última Reserva means "final reserve", and it refers to the last agave field Don Julio González planted with his family, in 2006. That harvest was distilled, barrelled and set aside, and the solera system was built around it so it would not simply be bottled and gone. The name describes the source of the liquid rather than the age of it.
What casks is Don Julio Última Reserva aged in?
Two stages. It rests in oak that previously held bourbon, which is the standard route for aged tequila, and is then finished in casks seasoned with Madeira wine, which is not. Madeira is a fortified wine aged under heat, and the casks bring the dried-apricot and orange character the producer's notes describe, over the toasted oak and caramel from the bourbon wood.